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The resale value of best-selling electric vehicles fell almost a third in the US last year, amid a wider slowdown in the growth of EVs across the developed world.
去年，在发达国家电动汽车增长普遍放缓之际，美国最畅销电动汽车的转售价值下降了近三分之一。
The second-hand value of the top-10 selling battery cars in the US, including models from Tesla, General Motors and Ford, fell an average of 28 per cent in 2023, data from CarGurus and compiled by HSBC show.
CarGurus和汇丰(HSBC)汇编的数据显示，2023年，包括特斯拉(Tesla)、通用汽车(General Motors)和福特(Ford)车型在内的美国十大畅销电池汽车的二手价值平均下降了28%。
In the UK, the value of used EVs fell about a fifth in the UK, far higher than the overall market where resale values dropped only 3.7 per cent, according to the bank which referred to Auto Trader data.
该银行援引Auto Trader的数据称，在英国，二手电动汽车的价值下降了约五分之一，远高于整体市场的水平，后者的转售价值仅下降了3.7%。
Resale values are a core indicator of a vehicle’s desirability, reflecting what a second-hand buyer is willing to pay for a model that is typically about three years old.
转售价格是衡量一辆车受欢迎程度的核心指标，反映了二手买家愿意为一辆车龄通常在三年左右的车型支付的价格。
EV pricing “is likely only to get tougher in 2024”, said the bank’s analyst Mike Tyndall, who warned the wind down of subsidies in countries such as Germany and France “could force carmakers to get aggressive on pricing”.
该行分析师迈克•廷德尔(Mike Tyndall)表示，电动汽车定价“在2024年可能只会变得更加艰难”。他警告称，德国和法国等国逐步取消补贴“可能迫使汽车制造商在定价方面采取激进措施”。
Carmakers are likely to have to erode what little profit margin they have in EVs in order to prevent them being undercut by new, cheaper models from China, he added.
他补充道，汽车制造商可能不得不削弱他们在电动汽车上微薄的利润率，以防止他们被来自中国的更便宜的新车型压价。
“It is difficult to completely focus on profitability since it risks losing market share to the EV-native new entrants that continue to remain price aggressive in the pursuit of market share.”
他表示：“很难完全专注于盈利能力，因为这有可能使其市场份额输给为追求市场份额而继续保持价格侵略性的电动汽车本土新进入者。”
Carmakers have warned of deeper than expected scepticism from mainstream buyers over EVs, forcing manufacturers to cut prices or scale back sales targets.
汽车制造商警告称，主流消费者对电动汽车的怀疑程度超出预期，这迫使制造商降价或降低销售目标。
Weaker resale values for battery cars means new EVs will be comparatively less affordable than petrol or diesel models that are expected to lose less value over the same period.
电池汽车转售价值的减弱意味着新电动汽车的价格将低于汽油或柴油车型，而后者在同一时期的价值损失预计会较小。
The metric is key for setting lease prices, where a motorist will finance the amount of money that a vehicle loses over a three-year lease. The larger value loss will mean a greater need for finance.
该指标是制定租赁价格的关键，车主将为车辆在三年租赁期内的损失提供资金。更大的价值损失将意味着更大的融资需求。
About 60 per cent of new vehicles in Europe are bought on a lease, while in some markets such as the UK it is more than 90 per cent.
在欧洲，约60%的新车是通过租赁方式购买的，而在英国等一些市场，这一比例超过90%。
The sharp declines in resale value will weigh on carmakers in markets such as the UK and California, where they must increase the proportion of their sales that are fully electric every year, or face hefty fines.
转售价值的急剧下降将给英国和加州(California)等市场的汽车制造商带来压力，在这些市场，它们每年都必须提高全电动汽车的销售比例，否则将面临巨额罚款。
Mike Hawes, head of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, which represents the UK car industry, said more incentives, as well as cheaper insurance deals and more charging points, were needed to encourage consumers to buy electric models.
代表英国汽车行业的汽车制造商和贸易商协会(Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders)会长迈克•霍斯(Mike Hawes)表示，需要更多的激励措施，以及更便宜的保险交易和更多的充电桩，来鼓励消费者购买电动汽车。
“Invariably we’ve got to the stage where we are through the early adopter phase, and we need to get into the mass market, and that’s never a linear transition,” he said.
他说：“无一例外，我们已经进入了早期采用阶段，我们需要进入大众市场，而这绝不是一个线性过渡。”
In the US, the used price of Tesla Model X, the worst performer, dropped 36 per cent compared to a year earlier. While a second-hand Model X would fetch $75,798 in December 2022, by last month this had fallen to $48,511 for an equivalent vehicle.
在美国，表现最差的特斯拉Model X的二手车价格同比下降了36%。2022年12月，一辆二手Model X的售价为75798美元，但到上个月，这一价格已降至48511美元。
Other best sellers fell sharply, including Ford’s F-150 Lightning pick-up truck, which dropped 30 per cent from $90,245 to $62,540, and the Chevrolet Bolt, which fell 32 per cent from $26,325 to $17,901.
其他畅销车型的价格也大幅下跌，包括福特的F-150闪电(F-150 Lightning)皮卡，从90245美元跌至62540美元，跌幅达30%；雪佛兰(Chevrolet)的Bolt，从26325美元跌至17901美元，跌幅达32%。
In the UK, resale values for the Nissan Leaf and Renault Zoe — both older models — fell by a quarter, while the Porsche Taycan fell 21 per cent and the BMW i4 dropped 18 per cent.
在英国，日产聆风(Nissan Leaf)和雷诺佐伊(Renault Zoe)的转售价格下降了四分之一，而保时捷(Porsche) Taycan和宝马(BMW) i4的转售价格分别下降了21%和18%。
Carmakers are also increasing discounts to try to shift new EVs, both in the UK and US, as they face the challenge of convincing mass market buyers to shift to electric driving.
在英国和美国，汽车制造商也在加大折扣力度，试图让新电动汽车过渡，它们面临着说服大众市场买家转向电动汽车的挑战。
Roughly half of the new EVs on sale in the UK offer 0 per cent finance, sometimes with offers that effectively cut the price of a vehicle by a third. Other brands are offering straight cash discounts of up to 27 per cent, while the overall cash discounting “is at the highest level we have seen to date”, Tyndall added.
在英国销售的新电动汽车中，约有一半提供0%的融资，有时提供的优惠实际上使汽车价格降低了三分之一。汇丰银行分析师廷德尔补充称，其它品牌正提供高达27%的直接现金折扣，而整体现金折扣“处于我们迄今见过的最高水平”。
In the US, discounting offers doubled during the course of 2023. All of the top-10 selling US EVs in the country have discounts, including $5,000 from Tesla for its Model 3 or Model Y cars, and more than $8,000 for the Ford Mustang Mach-E and the Hyundai Ioniq 5.
在美国，折扣优惠在2023年期间翻了一番。在美国销量排名前十的电动汽车都有折扣，包括特斯拉Model 3或Model Y的折扣为5000美元，福特Mustang Mach-E和现代(Hyundai) Ioniq 5的折扣则超过了8000美元。